Hakim-hakim 1:19-21

1:19 The Lord was with the men of Judah. They conquered ¹  the hill country, but they could not ²  conquer the people living in the coastal plain, because they had chariots with iron-rimmed wheels. ³  1:20 Caleb received ⁴  Hebron, just as Moses had promised. He drove out the three Anakites. 1:21 The men of Benjamin, however, did not conquer the Jebusites living in Jerusalem. ⁵  The Jebusites live with the people of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this very day. ⁶ 

Hakim-hakim 1:27-33

1:27 The men of Manasseh did not conquer Beth Shan, Taanach, or their surrounding towns. Nor did they conquer the people living in Dor, Ibleam, Megiddo ⁷  or their surrounding towns. ⁸  The Canaanites managed ⁹  to remain in those areas. ¹⁰  1:28 Whenever Israel was strong militarily, they forced the Canaanites to do hard labor, but they never totally conquered them.

1:29 The men of Ephraim did not conquer the Canaanites living in Gezer. The Canaanites lived among them in Gezer.

1:30 The men of Zebulun did not conquer the people living in Kitron and Nahalol. ¹¹  The Canaanites lived among them and were forced to do hard labor.

1:31 The men of Asher did not conquer the people living in Acco or Sidon, ¹²  nor did they conquer Ahlab, Aczib, Helbah, Aphek, or Rehob. ¹³  1:32 The people of Asher live among the Canaanites residing in the land because they did not conquer them.

1:33 The men of Naphtali did not conquer the people living in Beth Shemesh or Beth Anath. ¹⁴  They live among the Canaanites residing in the land. The Canaanites ¹⁵  living in Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced to do hard labor for them.

Hakim-hakim 2:3

2:3 At that time I also warned you, ¹⁶  ‘If you disobey, ¹⁷  I will not drive out the Canaanites ¹⁸  before you. They will ensnare you ¹⁹  and their gods will lure you away.’” ²⁰ 

Hakim-hakim 2:21

2:21 So I will no longer remove before them any of the nations that Joshua left unconquered when he died.

Hakim-hakim 2:23

2:23 This is why ²¹  the Lord permitted these nations to remain and did not conquer them immediately; ²²  he did not hand them over to Joshua.

Hakim-hakim 3:31

3:31 After Ehud ²³  came ²⁴  Shamgar son of Anath; he killed six hundred Philistines with an oxgoad and, like Ehud, ²⁵  delivered Israel.

Hakim-hakim 6:9

6:9 I rescued you from Egypt’s power ²⁶  and from the power of all who oppressed you. I drove them out before you and gave their land to you.

Hakim-hakim 9:41

9:41 Abimelech went back ²⁷  to Arumah; Zebul drove Gaal and his brothers out of Shechem. ²⁸ 

Hakim-hakim 11:2

11:2 Gilead’s wife also gave ²⁹  him sons. When his wife’s sons grew up, they made Jephthah leave and said to him, “You are not going to inherit any of our father’s wealth, ³⁰  because you are another woman’s son.”

Hakim-hakim 11:7

11:7 Jephthah said to the leaders of Gilead, “But you hated me and made me leave ³¹  my father’s house. Why do you come to me now, when you are in trouble?”

Hakim-hakim 11:23-24

11:23 Since ³²  the Lord God of Israel has driven out ³³  the Amorites before his people Israel, do you think you can just take it from them? ³⁴  11:24 You have the right to take what Chemosh your god gives you, but we will take the land of all whom the Lord our God has driven out before us. ³⁵ 

Hakim-hakim 15:5

15:5 He lit the torches ³⁶  and set the jackals loose in the Philistines’ standing grain. He burned up the grain heaps and the standing grain, as well as the vineyards and olive groves.

[1:19]  ¹ tn Or “seized possession of”; or “occupied.”

[1:19]  ² tc Several textual witnesses support the inclusion of this verb.

[1:19]  ³ tn Regarding the translation “chariots with iron-rimmed wheels,” see Y. Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands, 255, and the article by R. Drews, “The ‘Chariots of Iron’ of Joshua and Judges,” JSOT 45 (1989): 15-23.

[1:20]  ⁴ tn Heb “they gave to Caleb.”

[1:21]  ⁵ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[1:21]  ⁶ sn The statement to this very day reflects the perspective of the author, who must have written prior to David’s conquest of the Jebusites (see 2 Sam 5:6-7).

[1:27]  ⁷ map For location see Map1 D4; Map2 C1; Map4 C2; Map5 F2; Map7 B1.

[1:27]  ⁸ tn Heb “The men of Manasseh did not conquer Beth Shan and its surrounding towns, Taanach and its surrounding towns, the people living in Dor and its surrounding towns, the people living in Ibleam and its surrounding towns, or the people living in Megiddo and its surrounding towns.”

[1:27]  ⁹ tn Or “were determined.”

[1:27]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “in this land.”

[1:30]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the people living in Kitron and the people living in Nahalol.”

[1:31]  ¹² map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

[1:31]  ¹³ tn Heb “The men of Asher did not conquer the people living in Acco, the people living in Sidon, Ahlab, Acco, Helbah, Aphek, or Rehob.”

[1:33]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “the people living in Beth Shemesh or the people living in Beth Anath.”

[1:33]  ¹⁵ tn The term “Canaanites” is supplied here both for clarity and for stylistic reasons.

[2:3]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “And I also said.” The use of the perfect tense here suggests that the messenger is recalling an earlier statement (see Josh 23:12-13). However, some translate, “And I also say,” understanding the following words as an announcement of judgment upon those gathered at Bokim.

[2:3]  ¹⁷ tn The words “If you disobey” are supplied in the translation for clarity. See Josh 23:12-13.

[2:3]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “them”; the referent (the Canaanites) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[2:3]  ¹⁹ tn The meaning of the Hebrew word צִדִּים (tsiddim) is uncertain in this context. It may be related to an Akkadian cognate meaning “snare.” If so, a more literal translation would be “they will become snares to you.” Normally the term in question means “sides,” but this makes no sense here. On the basis of Num 33:55 some suggest the word for “thorns” has been accidentally omitted. If this word is added, the text would read, “they will become [thorns] in your sides” (cf. NASB, NIV, NLT).

[2:3]  ²⁰ tn Heb “their gods will become a snare to you.”

[2:23]  ²¹ tn The words “this is why” are interpretive.

[2:23]  ²² tn Or “quickly.”

[3:31]  ²³ tn Heb “him”; the referent (Ehud) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[3:31]  ²⁴ tn Heb “was.”

[3:31]  ²⁵ tn Heb “also he”; the referent (Ehud) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[6:9]  ²⁶ tn Heb “hand” (also a second time later in this verse).

[9:41]  ²⁷ tc Heb “stayed.” Some scholars revise the vowel pointing on this verb from that of the MT, resulting in the translation “and he returned to.” The Lucianic recension of the LXX understands the word in this way.

[9:41]  ²⁸ tn Heb “drove…out from dwelling in Shechem.”

[11:2]  ²⁹ tn Heb “bore.”

[11:2]  ³⁰ tn Heb “in the house of our father.”

[11:7]  ³¹ tn Heb “Did you not hate me and make me leave?”

[11:23]  ³² tn Heb “Now.”

[11:23]  ³³ tn Or “dispossessed.”

[11:23]  ³⁴ tn Heb “will you dispossess him [i.e., Israel; or possibly “it,” i.e., the territory]?” There is no interrogative marker in the Hebrew text.

[11:24]  ³⁵ tn Heb “Is it not so that what Chemosh your god causes you to possess, you possess, and all whom the Lord our God dispossesses before us we will possess?” Jephthah speaks of Chemosh as if he is on a par with the Lord God of Israel. This does not necessarily mean that Jephthah is polytheistic or that he recognizes the Lord as only a local deity. He may simply be assuming the Ammonite king’s perspective for the sake of argument. Other texts, as well as the extrabiblical Mesha inscription, associate Chemosh with Moab, while Milcom is identified as the god of the Ammonites. Why then does Jephthah refer to Chemosh as the Ammonite god? Ammon had likely conquered Moab and the Ammonite king probably regarded himself as heir of all territory formerly held by Moab. Originally Moab had owned the disputed territory (cf. Num 21:26-29), meaning that Chemosh was regarded as the god of the region (see R. G. Boling, Judges [AB], 203-4). Jephthah argues that Chemosh had long ago relinquished claim to the area (by allowing Sihon to conquer it), while the Lord had long ago established jurisdiction over it (by taking it from Sihon and giving it to Israel). Both sides should abide by the decisions of the gods which had stood firm for three hundred years.

[15:5]  ³⁶ tn Heb “He set fire to the torches.”